doctrine

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schismnoun

/ˈskɪzəm/

A formal division or split within a religious body.

"The schism between Sunnis and Shias happened quite early in Islamic history."

gnosisnoun

/ˈnəʊ.sɪs/

(gnosticism) an immanent form of knowledge or transcendent insight, such as sought by the Gnostics

"After years of meditation, she believed she achieved a profound gnosis, understanding the universe in a way that transcended ordinary thought. "

dictanoun

/ˈdɪktə/ /ˈdɪktɑ/

An authoritative statement; a dogmatic saying; a maxim, an apothegm.

"The professor's dicta on the importance of critical thinking were often quoted by his students. "

laissez-fairenoun

/ˌlɛseɪˈfɛər/ /ˌleɪseɪˈfɛər/

A policy of governmental non-interference in economic affairs.

"The government's laissez-faire approach to the tech industry allowed companies to innovate quickly, but also led to concerns about data privacy. "

darwinismnoun

/ˈdɑːrwɪnɪzəm/ /ˈdɑːrwɪnɪzəm/

Various concepts of development or evolution popularised by Charles Darwin's publication of On the Origin of Species in 1859.

"The students debated whether Darwinism, with its focus on natural selection, adequately explains all aspects of human behavior. "

gospeliseverb

/ˈɡɒspəlaɪz/

To teach the Gospels.

"The missionary traveled to remote villages to gospelise the people, sharing stories from the Bible. "

obscurantnoun

/ɒbˈskjʊəɹənt/ /ɑbˈskjəɹənt/

An opposer of lucidity and transparency in the political and intellectual spheres.

"The professor was labeled an obscurant for deliberately using complex jargon and avoiding clear explanations, making it difficult for students to understand the material. "

sectsnoun

/sɛkts/

An offshoot of a larger religion; a group sharing particular (often unorthodox) political and/or religious beliefs.

"A religious sect."

sabellianadjective

/səˈbɛliən/ /seɪˈbɛliən/

Of or pertaining to the heresiarch Sabellius, or to sabellianism.

"The professor explained that the early church fathers debated whether a particular theologian's views were truly orthodox or leaned towards a Sabellian understanding of the Trinity, which emphasizes the oneness of God rather than distinct persons. "

incrementnoun

/ˈɪŋkɹɪmn̩t/

An amplification without strict climax, as in the following passage: "Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report, [...] think on these things."

"The teacher's explanation of the new math concept provided a gentle increment in understanding for the students. "

fundamentalistnoun

/ˌfʌndəˈmentəlɪst/ /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntəlɪst/

One who reduces religion to strict interpretation of core or original texts.

"The fundamentalist group at the school insisted that students only read the ancient texts for their literature class. "

atonementnoun

/əˈtoʊnmənt/

(often with capitalized initial) The reconciliation of God and mankind through the death of Jesus.

"Christians believe that Jesus's death provided atonement for humanity's sins. "

recantverb

/ɹəˈkænt/

To withdraw or repudiate a statement or opinion formerly expressed, especially formally and publicly.

"Convince me that I am wrong, and I will recant."

formulasnoun

/ˈfɔːrmjələz/ /ˈfɔːrmjʊləz/

A formal statement of doctrine, as in religion.

"In some religions, specific prayers are repeated as formulas to connect with a higher power. "

loweradjective

/ˈləʊə/ /ˈloʊɚ/ /ˈlaʊ.ə/ /ˈlaʊ.ɚ/

Simple in complexity or development; (in several set phrases) favoring simplicity; (see e.g. low church, Low Tory).

"low protozoan animals, low cryptogamic plants, and other low organisms"

judicial reviewsnoun

/dʒuˈdɪʃəl rɪˈvjuz/ /dʒʊˈdɪʃəl rɪˈvjuz/

The doctrine, implemented in varying ways in differing jurisdictions, that authorities within the judicial branch of government may examine and make rulings on the legal validity of decisions and actions of the legislative and executive branches of government and, in some jurisdictions, of others within the judicial branch itself.

"The company requested judicial reviews of the new environmental regulations, arguing they were unfairly burdensome and exceeded the government's authority. "