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senior
seniornoun
/ˈsiːnjə(r)/ /ˈsinjɚ/

An elder or presbyter in the early Church.

jihad
jihadnoun
/dʒəˈhɑːd/

A holy war undertaken by Muslims.

old sweat
/oʊld swɛt/

(chiefly WWI) An experienced soldier.

renascence
/ɹɪˈnas(ə)ns/

A new beginning or rebirth; regeneration.

archives
/ˈɑːrkaɪvz/ /ˈɑːrkɪvz/

A place for storing earlier, and often historical, material. An archive usually contains documents (letters, records, newspapers, etc.) or other types of media kept for historical interest.

prehistory
/ˌpriːˈhɪstəri/ /ˌpriːˈhɪstri/

(properly) History before written records, inclusive of both

bluestocking
/ˈbluːˌstɒkɪŋ/ /ˈbluːˌstɑːkɪŋ/

A member of the 18th-century Blue Stockings Society

dioceses
/ˈdaɪəsɪːz/ /ˈdaɪəsɪs/

Administrative division of the later Roman Empire, starting with the tetrarchy.

"The Roman Empire, after Diocletian's reforms, was divided into dioceses for easier governance. "

pelycosaur
/ˌpɛlɪkoʊˈsɔr/

Any of a group of basal or primitive Late Paleozoic synapsid amniotes, part of a polyphyletic grade, formerly regarded as order Pelycosauria.

vici
vicinoun
/ˈviːsiː/

A small civilian settlement outside a Roman fort.

philology
/fɪˈlɒlədʒɪ/

The humanistic study of historical linguistics.

goober
goobernoun
/ˈɡuːbə/ /ˈɡubəɹ/

A British citizen during the reign of a king named George.

introduced
/ˌɪntɹəˈdjuːst/ /ˌɪntɹəˈduːst/

To bring (something) into practice.

"Wheeled transport was introduced long ago."

calendarizes
/kəˈlɛndəˌraɪzɪz/

To structure in terms of dates; to put onto a timescale.

folk etymologies
/ˈfoʊk ˌɛtɪˈmɑlədʒiz/

A misunderstanding of the etymology of a word appealing to the unlearned mind; an etymology that incorrectly explains the origin of a word based on a judgement out of knowledge or passions of a common speaker of the language instead of expertise in its past.

reappropriated
/ˌriːəˈproʊpriˌeɪtɪd/ /ˌriːəˈproʊpriˌeɪtəd/

To seize and reassign.

serjeanty
/ˈsɑrdʒənti/ /ˈsɑrdʒəntiː/

A form of land ownership under the feudal system, where a family held an estate in exchange for rendering a service to their liege lord.

pannage
/ˈpænɪdʒ/

A tax formerly paid for the privilege of feeding swine in the woods.

elder
eldernoun
/ˈeldə/ /ˈɛldə/ /ˈɛldɚ/

One who lived at an earlier period; a predecessor.

groat
groatnoun
/ɡɹəʊt/ /ɡɹoʊt/

Any of various old coins of England and Scotland.