ecology
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The principles of natural selection set out in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859), more strictly defined by August Weismann and developed by other authors into a central part of the modern evolutionary synthesis.

Organic compounds, predominantly synthetic, that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological and photolytic processes, and that are often associated with health risks.

One of a peculiar kind of internal buds, or germs, produced in the interior of certain Bryozoa and sponges. They are protected by a firm covering, and are usually destined to perpetuate the species during the winter season. They burst open and develop in the spring. In some freshwater sponges they serve to preserve the species during the dry season.

Either of two species of bird of the genus Pyrrhocorax in the crow family Corvidae that breed mainly in high mountains and on coastal sea cliffs of Eurasia.

Any of various small two-winged flies, for example, from the family Chironomidae or non-biting midges, the family Chaoboridae or phantom midges, and the family Ceratopogonidae or biting midges, all belonging to the order Diptera














