feudalism

/ˈfju.dəlɪzəm/

Meanings

noun

封建主义，封建制度

A social system based on personal ownership of resources and personal fealty between a suzerain (lord) and a vassal (subject). Defining characteristics are direct ownership of resources, personal loyalty, and a hierarchical social structure reinforced by religion.

Examples :

"In medieval Europe, feudalism was a system where a king owned the land, and nobles swore loyalty to him in exchange for a portion of it. "

在中世纪的欧洲，封建制度是一种国王拥有土地，贵族向他宣誓效忠以换取土地的制度。

Related Words

suzerain noun

/ˈs(j)uz(ə)ɹən/

宗主国，宗主。

"The suzerain nation dictated the foreign policy of the smaller, subservient state, but allowed the smaller nation to manage its own internal affairs. "

这个宗主国操控着这个较小附属国的对外政策，但允许这个较小的国家管理自己的内部事务。

resources noun

/ɹɨˈzɔɹsɨz/

资源，物力，人力。

"The students used library resources like books and computers to complete their research project. "

学生们利用图书馆的资源，比如书籍和电脑，来完成他们的研究项目。

medieval noun

/mɪd.ˈiː.vəl/ /mɪd.ˈi.vəl/

中世纪的人，中古时代的人。

"The medieval historian spoke about the challenges faced by peasants in the Middle Ages. "

研究中世纪历史的历史学家讲述了中世纪时期农民面临的挑战。

personal noun

/ˈpɜː.sən.əl/ /ˈpɜɹ.sən.əl/

征友广告，个人广告

"The online personal for finding a book club partner was very popular among students. "

在网上发布的寻找读书俱乐部伙伴的征友广告在学生中非常受欢迎。

religion noun

/ɹɪˈlɪdʒən/

宗教，信仰。

"My brother tends to value religion, but my sister not as much."

我的哥哥比较看重宗教信仰，但是我的妹妹不那么看重。

hierarchical adjective

/ˌhaɪəˈɹɑːkɪkəl/ /ˌhaɪˈɹɑːɹkɪkəl/

等级森严的，分等级的。

"Our company has a hierarchical structure, with the CEO at the top and different levels of managers and employees below. "

我们公司的组织结构是等级森严的，首席执行官在最顶层，下面是不同级别的经理和员工。

structure noun

/ˈstɹʌktʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈstɹʌktʃɚ/

结构，构造。

"The birds had built an amazing structure out of sticks and various discarded items."

鸟儿们用树枝和各种废弃物搭建了一个令人惊叹的构造。

defining verb

/dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ/ /diˈfaɪnɪŋ/

定义，界定。

"the defining power of an optical instrument"

光学仪器的清晰分辨能力。

reinforced verb

/ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrst/ /ˌriːənˈfɔːrst/

加强，巩固

"He reinforced the handle with a metal rod and a bit of tape."

他用一根金属杆和一些胶带加固了把手。

ownership noun

/ˈoʊnərʃɪp/ /ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp/

所有权，产权

"My ownership of the bicycle means I am responsible for its upkeep and safety. "

我对这辆自行车的所有权意味着我需要负责它的维护和安全。

characteristics noun

/ˌkæɹəktəˈɹɪstɪks/ /ˌkɛɹəktəˈɹɪstɪks/

特点，特征。

"One of the main characteristics of a golden retriever is its friendly personality. "

金毛寻回犬的主要特点之一就是它友好的性格。

exchange noun

/ɛksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

交换，互换

"All in all, it was an even exchange."

总的来说，这是一次公平的交换。