noun🔗Share垄断，专卖。 A situation, by legal privilege or other agreement, in which solely one party (company, cartel etc.) exclusively provides a particular product or service, dominating that market and generally exerting powerful control over it."Historically, railway transportation was often controlled by monopolies, allowing them to set high prices. "历史上，铁路运输常常被垄断企业控制，导致它们可以随意抬高价格。businesseconomyorganizationgovernmentlawpoliticsindustryfinanceChat with AIVocabulary GamePractice Reading
noun🔗Share垄断，专营。 An exclusive control over the trade or production of a commodity or service through exclusive possession."A land monopoly renders its holder(s) nearly almighty in an agricultural society."在农业社会，对土地的垄断使得土地拥有者几乎无所不能。businesseconomyindustrycommerceChat with AIVocabulary GamePractice Reading
noun🔗Share垄断，专营。 The privilege granting the exclusive right to exert such control."Granting monopolies in concession constitutes a market-conform alternative to taxation for the state, while the crown sometimes bestowed a monopoly as an outrageous gift."通过特许权授予专营权，对国家来说，是一种符合市场的、替代税收的方式；而王室有时则将独家经营权作为一种过分的赏赐。economybusinessgovernmentlawpoliticscommerceindustryorganizationstateChat with AIVocabulary GamePractice Reading
noun🔗Share垄断市场，独占市场 (metonymy) The market thus controlled."Because only one company produced all the school's textbooks, they essentially had monopolies on the education market. "因为只有一家公司生产学校的所有课本，他们实际上垄断了教育市场。economybusinessChat with AIVocabulary GamePractice Reading
noun🔗Share垄断者, 垄断企业 (metonymy) The holder (person, company or other) of such market domination in one of the above manners."The school's monopoly on after-school sports programs meant no other clubs could use the facilities. "学校对课后体育项目的垄断，意味着其他俱乐部都无法使用相关设施。businesseconomyindustryChat with AIVocabulary GamePractice Reading
