verb🔗Share擅自，胆敢。 With infinitive object: to be so presumptuous as (to do something) without proper authority or permission."She was presuming to offer advice on a project she hadn't even been assigned to. "她竟然擅自对一个她根本没参与的项目指手画脚，真是胆大。attitudeactionChat with AIVocabulary GamePractice Reading
verb🔗Share擅自，冒昧地，自作主张。 To perform, do (something) without authority; to lay claim to without permission."He was presuming to speak for the entire team without having consulted any of them beforehand. "他擅自代表整个团队发言，事先根本没有咨询过任何队员。actionrightlawChat with AIVocabulary GamePractice Reading
verb🔗Share假定， 认为， 假设 To assume or suggest to be true (without proof); to take for granted, to suppose."Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"我想您就是利文斯顿医生吧？attitudemindphilosophyactionChat with AIVocabulary GamePractice Reading
verb🔗Share擅自，冒昧，自作主张。 To be presumptuous; with on, upon, to take advantage (of), to take liberties (with)."She was presuming upon his kindness by constantly asking for rides home. "她总是让他送她回家，这样是过于利用了他的好心。attitudecharactermoralactionhumanChat with AIVocabulary GamePractice Reading
adjective🔗Share自以为是的，专横的。 Confidently or arrogantly overstepping reasonable bounds."The student, with his presuming attitude, interrupted the teacher to declare his answer was correct without even hearing the question fully. "那个学生态度自以为是，甚至都没听完问题就打断老师，声称他的答案是正确的。attitudecharacterChat with AIVocabulary GamePractice Reading
