noun تحميل 🔗مشاركة بلازميد A loop of double-stranded DNA that is separate from and replicates independently of the chromosomes, most commonly found in bacteria, but also in archaeans and eukaryotic cells, and used in genetic engineering as a vector for gene transfer. Examples : "Scientists used a plasmid to insert a new gene into the bacteria, allowing them to produce a more effective antibiotic. " استخدم العلماء بلازميدًا لإدخال جين جديد في البكتيريا، مما سمح لهم بإنتاج مضاد حيوي أكثر فعالية. biology biochemistry microorganism medicine science technology دردشة مع الذكاء الاصطناعيلعبة المفرداتتدريب القراءة