







An obsolete legal agreement that was a real covenant and ran with the land, whereby the grantor and his heirs of a piece of real estate held in freehold were required to officially guarantee their claim and plead one’s case for the title. If evicted by someone with a superior claim (paramount title) they were also required to hand over other real estate of equal value in recompense. It has now been replaced by personal covenants and the covenant of warranty.
这份旧的地契上提到了一个“担保契约”,它要求最初的地主,如果未来有其他人成功挑战房产所有权,地主必须赔偿后来的业主。这种保护机制早已被现在的产权保险所取代。










