







An obsolete legal agreement that was a real covenant and ran with the land, whereby the grantor and his heirs of a piece of real estate held in freehold were required to officially guarantee their claim and plead one’s case for the title. If evicted by someone with a superior claim (paramount title) they were also required to hand over other real estate of equal value in recompense. It has now been replaced by personal covenants and the covenant of warranty.
古い証書には保証が記載されており、元の土地所有者は、その土地に対する権利が成功裏に異議を唱えられた場合、将来の所有者に補償する義務を負っていました。これは、ずっと前に現代のタイトル保険に置き換えられました。










