







An obsolete legal agreement that was a real covenant and ran with the land, whereby the grantor and his heirs of a piece of real estate held in freehold were required to officially guarantee their claim and plead one’s case for the title. If evicted by someone with a superior claim (paramount title) they were also required to hand over other real estate of equal value in recompense. It has now been replaced by personal covenants and the covenant of warranty.
ذكر السند القديم ضمانًا، يلزم مالك الأرض الأصلي بتعويض المالكين المستقبليين إذا تم الطعن بنجاح في ملكيتهم للعقار، وهي حماية استُبدلت منذ فترة طويلة بالتأمين على الملكية الحديث.










