



















A formal specification of a mathematical structure or a data type described in terms of a graph and diagrams (and cones (and cocones)) on it. It can be implemented by means of “models”, which are functors which are graph homomorphisms from the formal specification to categories such that the diagrams become commutative, the cones become limiting (i.e., products), the cocones become colimiting (i.e., sums).
Bien que complexe, l'architecte logiciel a utilisé une spécification formelle pour définir formellement les structures de données et leurs relations avant que les programmeurs ne commencent à écrire le code.






